ChaPteR SiX

“Invasion of the baby snatchers”

Reflection

This article is actually is the preparation and exercise for my second assignment which is the article title “Are gay relationship different?” The article invasion of the baby snatchers is covers the children lost and there are a lot of cases that involves that involve s the children who had been kidnapped and mudded. I need to make a portfolio for this article and there are ten important that are include in this portfolio which are, topic, content, source, audience, the rhetorical function, purpose, perspectives, positioning, impact, and visual literacy. My lecturer had given the detail explanation on how to do the portfolio because I am not done it very well for my first assignment. During the class, the discussion was more on the article about gay because it is really important for my second assignment. What I have learn from the lesson today are, the reader need to be more critical for the material things that we read because maybe the writer have their hidden agenda.

cHaPtEr fIvE

Types of Exposition: ‘persuading that’ and ‘persuading to’.

Exposition can be defined as the characteristic feature of these texts is that they attempt to justify something, to provide reasons to support some thesis. There are two types of exposition based on differences in the purposes they achieve. The two types identifies are ‘analytical’ and ‘hortatory’ expositions. The previous attempt to persuade the recipient that something is true, while the latter try to persuade the recipient to do something. Analytic expositions are often associated with academic speaking and writing. Hortatory expositions include texts such as political speeches, letters to the editor and office memos designed to change employee behavior. The function of Exposition is to interpret and explain, so realizing cause and effects are important. Expositions are about why. The personality in Exposition is about the writing is often characterized as impersonal. It can be used to express attitudes and feelings and then look at how these structures are used in Exposition. Metaphor is usually something that teachers associate with poetry and narrative. Expository metaphors are rarely realized through simile-that is the poet’s tool. Expositions are not just Report of Descriptions. Rather things are explained in order to interpret the world. And metaphors are an effective way of getting beyond the obvious. Expositions are supposed to be rational and in our culture, reason and emotion are felt to be diametrically opposed to be rational.

REFLECTION

From this chapter, I realized that there are many writing styles that the writer use, one of them is by using the metaphor, means that we use the metaphor to describe something as if it were something else with which it shares some common qualities. We can use metaphor for criticizes someone because we did not say it straight to the point so it will not hurt their feeling. Besides that, metaphor is really important for the poetic because metaphor is really unique and beautiful. I also realized that there are relationship between the writer’s choices and how these choices influence the reader. A metaphor plays a key role in enabling us to talk about and construct the world, and allows language users the flexibility to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. As a language reader, we are able to make sense of our world, and communicate that sense to others. But one more things for sure is important is the metaphors we choose, however, are reflections of both our personal and cultural perspectives. Besides that, the choice of metaphorical language in a text can help us understand the writer’s perspective and ideology.

cHaPteR 4: ARGUMENTS AND EVIDENCE

What is the evidence?

This chapter is focusing on the evidence and it begins with the well-known case of the kidnapping of the infant son of Charles Lindbergh and examines the evidence, wholly circumstantial, that led to the conviction and execution of Bruno Hauptman. The writer goes on talk about the quality of evidence in other famous cases, including historical treatments of past events. The jury found Hauptman guilty after taking a look for strong evidence and this case is due, not so much to its intrinsic interest, as to the fact that it presents such a wealth of evidence. There are some who think that circumstantial evidence is not altogether trustworthy as a basis for determining guilt. They prefer testimonial evidence, such as that of eyewitness, who testify that they themselves have seen the accused commit the crime. People need to discuss a case involving testimonial evidence in a moment and need to seek the truth, but must be content with probability and not demand absolute certainly. The probabilities depend upon the evidence that is available.

-Statistic
- Crooked and fallacious thinking

The word statistic has two meanings. When it is used with a plural verb, it refers to information about any phenomenon or activity expressed in numerical form, such as vital statistic, college-enrolment figures, and opinion poll percentages. For the singular, it denotes the art and sciences of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Statistic is the tool to make the maximum use of quantitative measurements and assessments. The important of statistic is human affairs is obvious from our tendency to associate facts closely with figures. The meanings of crooked and fallacious thinking are a manipulative tool in the hands of writers wishing to influence and affect the judgments of their readers. This topic is important to be able to interrogate the logic contained in the argument in a text. By the transfer device, a crooked thinkers transfers the prestige of something of which we approve.

Reflection

From this chapter, evidence is the really important things in case to prove something, for example, the juries need to find the tough evidence to prove that the crimes are guilty or not. The probabilities depend upon the evidence that is available. We need to be more critical-minded, and never forget to ask the question, ‘What is the evidence?’ .When the evidence is confused, we ought to suspend judgment and wait for further evidence. Statistic is really important in human affairs because is obvious from our tendency to associate facts closely with figures. For example, there are statistics that record the population in Malaysia, so we know how many people who live in Malaysia. We also may know the figure of new birth and the death. From topic crooked and fallacious thinking, I think that we need to beware with this situation because it is one of manipulative tools that influence people to make the judgments and also may persuade people.